Ukomisa okomisa ngesifutho ekuqaleni okuholela ekunamatheleni… Indlela yokulawula

Ukomisa okomisa ngesifutho ekuqaleni okuholela ekunamatheleni… Indlela yokulawula

Ukudla okomiswe ngesifutho kuhlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: okunganamatheli nokunamathelayo. Izithako ezinganamatheli kulula ukuzifutha ngomshini wokomisa olula kanye nompushana wokugcina ogeleza ngokukhululeka. Izibonelo zezinto ezingezona ezinamathelayo zifaka amaqanda ampushana, ubisi oluyimpushana, ama-maltodextrin njengesixazululo, izinsini, namaprotheni. Endabeni yokudla okunamathelayo, kunezinkinga zokomisa ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokomisa ngesifutho. Ukudla okunamathelayo kuvame ukunamathela ezindongeni zokomisa noma kube ukudla okunamathelayo okungenamsebenzi emakamelweni okomisa nasezinhlelweni zokuhamba ngezinkinga zokusebenza kanye nemikhiqizo ephansi. Ukudla okuqukethe ushukela kanye ne-asidi kuyizibonelo ezivamile.

Ukunamathela kuyinto eyenzeka ngesikhathi sokomiswa kwezinto zokudla ezifuthwayo ezinoshukela kanye ne-asidi eningi. I-Powder tack iyimpahla yokunamathela ehlangene. Ingachazwa ngokwemibandela yokunamathela kwezinhlayiya nezinhlayiya (ukuhlangana) kanye nokunamathela odongeni lwezinhlayiya (ukunamathela). Isilinganiso samandla lapho izinhlayiya zempuphu zibopha khona kungenxa yezakhiwo zayo zangaphakathi ezaziwa ngokuthi ukuhlangana, zakha izigaxa embhedeni wempuphu. Ngakho-ke amandla adingekayo ukudabula ama-agglomerate empuphu kufanele abe makhulu kunamandla ahlangene. Ukunamathela kuyimpahla yokuxhumana, ukuthambekela kwezinhlayiya zempuphu ukunamathela ezindongeni zemishini yokomisa ngokufutha. Ukuhlangana kanye nokunamathela kuyimingcele ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwezimo zokomisa nokomisa. Ukwakheka kobuso bezinhlayiya zempuphu ngokuyinhloko kubhekene nenkinga yokunamathela. Ukuthambekela kokuhlangana kanye nokunamathela kwezinto zobuso bezinhlayiya zempuphu kuhlukile. Ngoba ukomisa kudinga inani elikhulu lokudluliselwa kwe-solute ebusweni bezinhlayiya, kuyinqwaba. Izici ezimbili eziqinile (ukuhlangana kanye nokunamathela) zingahlala ndawonye ezintweni zokudla ezomisiwe ngokufutha okunoshukela. Ukunamathelana phakathi kwezinhlayiya kuwukuhlangana kokwakheka kwamabhuloho oketshezi aqinile, amabhuloho oketshezi ahambayo, ukuhlangana komshini phakathi kwama-molecule kanye nokudonsa kwamandla kagesi kanye namabhuloho aqinile. Ngokwomisa, izinhlayiya zothuli lwendlu zinamathela ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokulahleka kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo ekomiseni okufuthwayo koshukela nokudla okune-asidi eningi. Izinto eziwuphawuda uma zigcinwa isikhathi eside odongeni zilahlekelwa ukomisa.

Izimbangela Zokunamathela:

Ukubuyiselwa Kwempuphu Yokomisa Okunoshukela Nokudla Okune-Acid Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokomisa okufuthayo, ushukela onesisindo esiphansi sama-molecule (i-glucose, i-fructose) kanye nama-organic acid (i-citric, i-malic, i-tartaric) kuyinselele kakhulu. Ukumuncwa kwamanzi amaningi, i-thermoplasticity, kanye nokushisa okuphansi kokuguquka kwengilazi (i-Tg) lawa ma-molecule amancane afaka isandla enkingeni yokunamathela. Amazinga okushisa okomisa okufuthayo angaphezu kuka-Tg 20°C, lezi zithako zakha kakhulu izinhlayiya ezithambile ezindaweni ezinamathelayo, okwenza i-powder inamathele futhi igcine inesakhiwo esifana ne-paste esikhundleni se-powder. Ukuhamba okuphezulu kwama-molecule anjalo kungenxa yokushisa kwawo okuphansi kokuguquka kwengilazi (i-Tg), okuholela ezinkingeni zokunamathela emazingeni okushisa avame ukuthandwa kuma-spray dryers. Izinga lokushisa lokuguquka kwengilazi liyisici esiyinhloko sokushisa kokuguquka kwesigaba esingaguquki. Isenzakalo sokuguquka kwengilazi senzeka lapho ushukela oqinile, ongaguquki, uguqulwa ube yisigaba esithambile serabha, esiwuketshezi. Amandla angaphezulu, ingilazi eqinile inamandla aphansi ongaphezulu futhi ayinamatheli ezindaweni eziqinile ezingenamandla aphansi. Ngenxa yokuguquka kusuka esimweni sengilazi kuya esimweni serabha (noma uketshezi), ubuso bezinto ezibonakalayo bungaphakanyiswa, futhi ukusebenzisana kwama-molecule kanye nobuso obuqinile kungaqala. Emsebenzini wokomisa ukudla, umkhiqizo usesimweni soketshezi noma sokuboshwa, futhi ngenxa yokususwa kwe-plasticizer (amanzi) umkhiqizo wokudla oketshezi/oboshwe uba isimo sengilazi. Izinto zokudla zizohlala zinamandla aphezulu aqinile uma umkhiqizo wokudla ungashintshi kusuka ekushiseni okuphezulu kokomisa kunokushintsha kokushisa kwe-vitrification. Uma lo mkhiqizo wokudla uthintana nobuso obuqinile obunamandla aphezulu uzonamathela noma unamathele kuwo.

Ukulawula i-Viscosity:

Kunezindlela eziningi zesayensi yezinto zokwakha kanye nezindlela ezisekelwe enqubweni yokunciphisa ukujiya. Izindlela ezisekelwe kwisayensi yezinto zokwakha zifaka izithasiselo zokomisa uketshezi lwezinto zokwakha ezinesisindo sama-molecule ukuze ziphakamise izinga lokushisa ngale kokuguquka kwengilazi, kanti izindlela ezisekelwe enqubweni zifaka izindonga, phansi, njll. zamakamelo emishini.